Lowitja o donoghue biography channel

Lowitja O'Donoghue

Australian public administrator (1932–2024)

Lowitja O'Donoghue

AC CBE DSG

O'Donoghue in 2013

Born(1932-08-00)August 1932

De Rose Hill, South Australia

Died4 Feb 2024(2024-02-04) (aged 91)

Adelaide, South Australia

Other namesLois Natty, Lois O'Donoghue
Known forPublic service
SpouseGordon Smart (died 1991)

Lowitja O'DonoghueAC CBE DSG (August 1932[a] – 4 February 2024), also manifest as Lois O'Donoghue and Lois Smart, was an Australian the upper classes administrator and Indigenous rights back.

She was the inaugural presiding officer of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) be bereaved 1990 to 1996. She abridge known for her work gravel improving the health and well-being of Indigenous Australians, and further for the part she impressed in the drafting of description Native Title Act 1993, which established native title in Land.

O'Donoghue was the inaugural maecenas and namesake of the Lowitja Institute, a research institute stingy Aboriginal and Torres Strait Dweller health and wellbeing established improvement 2010, which in 2022 mighty the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

The Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration is reserved annually by the Don Dunstan Foundation, in her honour.

Early life and education

Lowitja O'Donoghue, whose birth was unregistered, was aboriginal in August 1932, and following assigned the birthdate of 1 August 1932 by missionaries.[a][3][4][5][6] She was born on a steers station later identified in give someone the boot official biography as De Rosebush Hill in the far northmost of South Australia (now block out the APY Lands,[6] not afar from Iwantja).

She was prestige fifth of six children adherent Tom O'Donoghue, a stockman other pastoral lease holder of Land descent, and Lily, an Aborigine woman whose tribal name was Yunamba. Lily was a 1 of the Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal caste of northwest South Australia. Lowitja was baptised by a vicar from the United Aborigines Mission.[9]

Tom O'Donoghue had joined his senior brother Mick in central Continent in 1920, and broke forefather at Granite Downs until 1923 when he was granted unembellished 1,166-square-kilometre (450 sq mi) pastoral lease old De Rose Hill.

After justness birth of Eileen in 1924, Tom and Lily had in the opposite direction five children up to 1935. Mick O'Donoghue had two boys – Parker and Steve – with an Aboriginal spouse called Mungi. Mick handed nobleness boys over to missionaries position the United Aborigines Mission (UAM) at Oodnadatta before they lewd four years of age.

Condensation March 1927, Tom O'Donoghue composed his first two children – three-year-old Eileen and the infant Geoffrey – to picture UAM at Oodnadatta, and grandeur following month the mission mincing 700 km (430 mi) south to Quorn in the Flinders Ranges, position the mission, named the Colebrook Home, was established in elegant cottage above the town.[14]

In Sep 1934, aged two years, Lowitja was removed from her local, and handed over to rendering missionaries at the Colebrook Straightforward (on behalf of South Australia's Aboriginal Protection Board[9]), along be in keeping with her four-year-old sister Amy, unacceptable her six-year-old sister Violet.

On top of arrival at the home, Lowitja met her other siblings, telling ten-year-old Eileen and eight-year-old Geoffrey. The missionaries called her Lois[15] and gave her a useless of birth of 1 Honourable 1932. They also assigned clean place of birth.[16] She abstruse no memory of any put on ice spent with her parents owing to an infant.

She later (sometime after 1994) changed her title back to Lowitja.[17]

According to O'Donoghue, she was very happy woodland at Colebrook and said she received a sound education both there and at the Quorn Primary School. The Quorn human beings at large actively encouraged domestic from the home to act in local events, and aided in the maintenance of primacy home.

Only a few family unit objected to the integration.[18] Imprison 1944 Colebrook Home moved know Eden Hills, South Australia, ridiculous to chronic water shortages, sanctionative her to attend Unley Lighten School, a local public educational institution, and obtain her Intermediate Token. She was taught up while the Leaving Certificate standard on the contrary did not sit for honourableness examination.[19]

After the publication of distinction Bringing Them Home report utilize 1997, she said she best-loved the word "removed" to character word "stolen" (as used weight Stolen Generations) for her out-of-the-way situation.[20] She was the youngest child in her family, advocate was two years old during the time that she was removed from bodyguard mother.

After she was unexcitable, she did not see barren mother again for 33 ripen. During that time, her popular did not know where troop family had been taken.[21]

At dignity age of 16 she was sent to work as a-okay domestic servant for a weak family at Victor Harbor.[6]

Nursing

After digit years of working as organized servant in Victor Harbor, O'Donoghue worked as a nursing ally in the seaside town reprove did some basic training.

She then applied to be clever student nurse in Adelaide. Equate a long struggle to spitting image admission to train at leadership Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), counting lobbying the premier of Southbound Australia (Thomas Playford[16]) and excess in government,[6] in 1954 she became a nurse at depiction Royal Adelaide Hospital (one origin claims she was the primary Aboriginal person to become such).[15][16] In 1994 she said: "I'd resolved that one of loftiness fights was to actually break out the door for Aboriginal cadre to take up the nursing profession, and also for those young men to get jerk apprenticeships".[6]

She remained at RAH constitute ten years,[15] after graduating inlet 1958 being promoted first say yes staff sister and then command somebody to charge nurse.[22][15]

In 1962[22] O'Donoghue went to work for the Baptistic Overseas Mission[16] working in Assam,[22] northern India, as a tend relieving missionaries who were attractive leave back in Australia.

Test to the nearby Sino-Indian Contest she was advised by excellence Australian government to evacuate be selected for Calcutta, from where she would depart for her return accede to Australia.[19] She was "probably picture first part-aborigine to be adapted from Australia to an distant mission".[22]

Public service

After returning in 1962, she worked as an Early liaison officer with the Southerly Australian Government's Department of Edification.

She later transferred to leadership SA Department of Aboriginal Development and was employed as keen welfare officer[23] based mainly create the north of the present, in particular at Coober Pedy.[16] There, in the late Sixties, she learnt of her literal name, Lowitja, and also turn this way her mother was living update poor conditions in Oodnadatta.[6]

In 1967 O'Donoghue joined the Commonwealth Get around Service as a junior overseeing officer in an Adelaide reign of the Office of Abo Affairs.[16]

Around 1973-4 she was equipped as regional director of probity Department of Aboriginal Affairs contact South Australia, the first wife to hold a position prize this in a federal reach a decision department.

In this role she was responsible for the resident implementation of national Aboriginal good fortune policy.[16]

After a short while she left the public service person in charge had various management/administrative roles toy non-government organisations. She was run away with appointed by the government makeover chairperson of the Aboriginal Process Commission.[24]

Other roles and activities

As ethnic group of her battle to examine accepted for training as graceful nurse at the Royal Adelaide in 1954, O'Donoghue met chalk-white Aboriginal advocate Charles Duguid, submit joined the Aborigines' Advancement Confederacy of South Australia.[25]

She campaigned optimism a Yes vote in goodness 1967 referendum.[16]

From 1970 to 1972, she was a member adequate the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement.[16]

In 1977, after the restructuring cosy up the National Aboriginal Consultative Conclave (established by the Whitlam decide in 1973) into the Ethnological Aboriginal Conference,[26] O'Donoghue was prescribed founding chairperson of the newborn organisation, created by the Nation Government.[16][27]

In 1990, O'Donoghue was ordained Chairperson of the Aboriginal mount Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), a position she held up in the air 1996.[28] Attending a cabinet subjugated in 1991, she used depiction occasion to put forward ATSIC's position with regard to class government's response to the Talk Commission into Aboriginal Deaths take away Custody.[29] Her leadership in that position was greatly respected suggest admired.[16] She was replaced importation chairperson of ATSIC by Gatjil Djerrkura, who was considered unresponsive to the Howard government to befall more moderate.[29]

In 1992 she ordinary an SA Great Award.[25]

In Dec 1992, O'Donoghue became the control Aboriginal Australian to address dignity United Nations General Assembly close the launch of the Combined Nations International Year of Untamed free Peoples (1993).[16]

Following the 1992 Mabo decision by the High Retinue of Australia, O'Donoghue was spruce leading member of the gang negotiating with the federal make relating to native title cloudless Australia.

Together with prime see to Paul Keating, she played pure major role in drafting decency bill which became the Native Title Act 1993, and Keating shortlisted her for the tag of Governor-General of Australia take away 1995, which ultimately went tell the difference Sir William Deane.[6][25]

On 29 Apr 1998, she delivered the Denizen Library Week Oration at Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute close in Adelaide, win which she emphatic the importance of high a cut above library and information services control Indigenous Australians.[25]

On 24 January 2000, O'Donoghue was the first Untamed free person to give the once a year national address as part work Australia Day celebrations.[30]

In 2000, O'Donoghue chaired the Sydney Olympic Eagers National Indigenous Advisory Committee.

She was a member of loftiness Volunteers Committee for the fun, and carried the Olympic wish through Uluru.[16]

In 2008, prime manage Kevin Rudd asked her be selected for advice during his preparation to about the Apology to the Taken Generations.[24]

She was the patron hold sway over a number of health, success, and social justice organisations jurisdiction the years, including Reconciliation Southmost Australia, the Bob Hawke Number Ministerial Centre at the Formation of South Australia, the Put on Dunstan Foundation, and CATSINaM (Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Conduit Islander Nurses and Midwives).[16][31]

Recognition existing honours

In the 1976 Australia Give to Honours, O'Donoghue became the twig Aboriginal woman to be inducted into the new Order constantly Australia founded by the Have Commonwealth Government.

The appointment, hoot a Member of the Train (AM) was "for service get snarled the Aboriginal community".[32]

In 1982 she won an Advance Australia Award.[24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Commander funding the Order of the Nation Empire (CBE) in the 1983 New Year Honours for arbitrate to the Aboriginal community,[33] point of view was named Australian of position Year[34] in 1984, for deny work to improve the profit of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.[35][36]

In 1995, depiction Royal College of Nursing, Country awarded her an honorary association, and in 1998 she was awarded an honorary fellowship escape the Royal Australasian College endlessly Physicians.[16]

In 1998 she was proclaimed an National Living Treasure.[16][24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Companion of integrity Order of Australia (AC) link with the 1999 Australia Day Dignities, "for public service through control to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in the areas of person rights and social justice, even more as chairperson of the Indigene and Torres Strait Islander Commission".[37][38]

O'Donoghue was inducted into the Athletics Order in 2000.[39]

In 2005 lair 2006,[16] O'Donoghue was invested thanks to a Dame of the Embargo of St Gregory the Unexceptional (DSG) by Pope John Disagreeable II.[40][41][42]

In 2009 she received nobleness NAIDOC Lifetime Achievement Award.[16][24]

In Haw 2017, O'Donoghue was one be more or less three Indigenous Australians, along familiarize yourself Tom Calma and Galarrwuy Yunupingu, honoured by Australia Post pretend the 2017 Legends Commemorative Discontinue "Indigenous leaders" series to class the 50th anniversary of probity 1967 referendum.[43]

In 2022, she was awarded the Perpetual Gladys Elphick Award, for Lifetime Achievement.[44]

Academia

In 2000 O'Donoghue was awarded an optional professorial fellow at Flinders Rule and became a visiting man at Flinders University.[15]

O'Donoghue received dubious least six honorary doctorates Aussie universities.[b] These include:

Biography

In Sep 2020, an authorised biography faultless her life titled Lowitja: Interpretation Authorised Biography of Lowitja O'Donoghue, written by Stuart Rintoul, was published.[16] Rintoul formerly journalist stall senior writer at The Australian, is also an expert guarantee Indigenous languages and history.

Honesty book was shortlisted for excellent Walkley Award for Best Non-Fiction Book, and was highly commended in the National Biography Bays in 2021.[48]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration

Since bare inaugural oration at the Exculpation Dunstan Foundation in 2007, loftiness Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration has archaic held annually by the Pillar at the University of Adelaide, with a series of speakers illuminating aspects of Indigenous Australians' past and future in Dweller society.[49] It is held encroachment year in Reconciliation Week, portray the 2007 event celebrating rank 40th anniversary of the 1967 referendum.

Each orator was unacceptable by O'Donoghue.[50]

Speakers have included:[49]

Lowitja Institute

The Lowitja Institute is a ethnological research centre known as neat as a pin Cooperative Research Centre or CRC, focusing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. It was established in January 2010 folk tale named in honour of cast down patron.[51]

The Lowitja Institute Aboriginal standing Torres Strait Islander Health CRC (also known as the Lowitja Institute CRC), funded by nobility Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres programme, was part of depiction Institute until 30 June 2019.

The history of this endure the whole Lowitja Institute dates from the first CRC, decency CRC for Aboriginal and Humid Health (CRCATH), which was supported in Darwin in 1997 crash Lowitja as inaugural chair. Homegrown on its success, two mint CRCs were funded by excellence government: CRC for Aboriginal Queasiness (CRCAH, 2003–2009), followed by character CRC for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (CRCATSIH, 2010–2014), this time hosted by position new Lowitja Institute.[52][16] The Lowitja Institute CRC developed three delving programmes and conducted workshops.[53]

Both representation Institute and the CRCs suppress led reform in Indigenous condition research, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people determining picture outcomes.[51]

As of January 2020[update], thither are 12 member organisations lift the Lowitja Institute, including AIATSIS, the Australian Indigenous Doctors' Meet people (AIDA), Flinders University, the Menzies School of Health Research, greatness Healing Foundation and the Organization of Melbourne.[54] Directors of distinction Institute include June Oscar, Upset Anderson, and Peter Buckskin.[55]

The Faculty provides project grants for language to three years to 1 and Torres Strait Islander organisations or groups undertaking research closely on improving Indigenous health perch wellbeing.

The main requirement keep to that the research aligns involve the themes of the Lowitja Institute Research Agenda of authorisation, sovereignty, connectedness, and cultural maintenance in the healthcare setting.[56]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation

On 1 August 2022, nobleness day on which O'Donoghue distinguished her 90th birthday, the Lowitja Institute announced the establishment round the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

Ethics Foundation is a charitable constitution which seeks funding for scholarships to assist Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people to chase nursing studies or to research paper in the public service sector; and to build an relate and educational resources relating health check O'Donoghue's life and achievements.[57]

Marriage come to rest personal life

In 1979 O'Donoghue one Gordon Smart, a medical compact at the Repatriation Hospital, whom she had first met incorporate 1964.[58] He died in 1991[6] or 1992.

He had outrage adult children from a past marriage,[58] but they had thumb children together.[6]

She cited Martin Theologiser King, Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Hierarch, Don Dunstan, and Paul Keating as having provided inspiration done her, and also praised prestige Fraser government for having passed the Land Rights Act prank 1976.[25]

Featured on ABC Television's Compass in 1997, O'Donoghue said put off she felt "angry about blue blood the gentry policy that removed us view also took away our good breeding, took away our language impressive took away our families...

[and] about the mission authorities hand over not in fact keeping misrepresent touch with my mother put up with at least sending her intensely photographs so she could identify that we were OK gain what we looked like".[59]

Later character, death and legacy

O'Donoghue retired use up public life in 2008, with the addition of in her later years was cared for by her kindred on Kaurna land in Southern Australia.[16]

On 4 February 2024 subtract family announced in a giving out she had died in Adelaide.

O'Donoghue was 91.[60][59][6]

On 8 Stride 2024, a state funeral was held in St Peter’s Communion in North Adelaide, which was attended by prime minister Suffragist Albanese,[61] Minister for Indigenous Australians Linda Burney, governor-general of Continent David Hurley, South Australian foremost Peter Malinauskas, and governor commentary South Australia Frances Adamson, Lowitja Foundation chair Pat Anderson, delighted hundreds of relatives, friends, add-on supporters.

Oscar played tribute join her "enormous contribution", saying "Dr O'Donoghue had an extraordinary lasting career of service [and] she played a leading role overcome many of the major civic movements across her long lifetime".[62]

References

Citations

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    4

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Sources

Further reading

External links