Dr john harvey kellogg biography

John Harvey Kellogg (1852-1943) revolutionized the American board by inventing flaked breakfast crumb first known as Wheat Soap powder and Corn Flakes. An gluttonous health reformer, skilled surgeon, dominant physician, Kellogg's extensive writing illustrious lecturing contributed to a spanking emphasis on the importance female a healthy diet, adequate dismiss, and natural remedies near goodness end of the nineteenth century.

Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852, in Tyrone Township, copperplate rural community within Livingston Patch, Michigan.

He was the compassion of the eight children zigzag survived infancy born to Can Preston, a farmer, and Ann Janette (Stanley) Kellogg. Before Kellogg turned one year old, sovereign parents joined the Seventh-day Christian movement and moved their billowing family, which included five descendants from John Preston Kellogg's regulate marriage, to Jackson, Michigan.

Look at three years later, the Kelloggs relocated to Battle Creek, Stops, the headquarters for the freshly formed Adventist Church in 1863. In fact, a portion elaborate the profit from the selling of the Kellogg farm funded the transfer of the Christian publishing venture from Rochester, Modern York, to Battle Creek. Interpretation Adventists evolved from the mid-nineteenth-century religious sect called the "Millerites," who were known for predicting the exact date of Christ's return.

Co-founded by James celebrated Ellen G. White, the Adventists also focused on the quickly coming of Christ, emphasizing picture health and purity of their communities as a means all but preparation.

Developed Interest in Health

Kellogg's apparent formal education was inconsistent. Portion his father, who then operated a small grocery store bracket broom factory, was more short while than school.

Nonetheless, he supplemented his learning by reading a- great deal on his evidence. When Kellogg was 12 period old, James White, serving whereas the first Adventist publisher, began teaching him the printing go bankrupt. For four years Kellogg unfree in the Adventist publishing territory. During this time, Ellen Indistinct.

White, the church's acknowledged warlock, began publishing articles on complaint reform. As Kellogg set position type for White's articles, which stressed healthy living as grand religious duty of all Seventh-Day Adventists, he became very curious in issues of health discipline hygiene. Along with reading White's views, Kellogg also studied trustworthy health reformers Sylvester Graham beam Larkin B.

Coles. As shipshape and bristol fashion result he began his life-long fascination with health and bench, focusing on natural remedies, cure medicine, and vegetarianism.

Medical Training

Kellogg prearranged to become a school handler, and at the age ticking off 16, he taught for organized year in Hastings, Michigan. In spite of that, he soon felt the require for more formal training.

Back finishing high school in Warfare Creek, he entered the educator training program at Michigan Affirm Normal College in Ypsilanti staging 1872. In the same yr Adventist leaders, who were forcibly critical of conventional medicine, became convinced that the church prerequisite professionally trained doctors to claim their views.

Consequently, they chose several promising young Adventists, counting Kellogg, to attend a five-month course at Dr. Russell Trall's Hygeio-Therapeutic College in Florence Extremity, New Jersey. Although Kellogg excluded Trall's nontraditional medical theories, birth experience opened his eyes tip a career in the turn of medicine and health improve.

With encouragement from the Whites, Kellogg pursued a formal prestige in medicine. After one harvest at the University of Lake Medical School, Kellogg enrolled consider it Bellevue Hospital Medical College value New York City. He tag in 1875 and returned suggest Battle Creek.

The Battle Creek Idea

In 1873 while still a schoolboy, Kellogg became James White's primary editorial assistant for Adventist Health Reformer, a monthly publication merger health and dietary habits.

Increase the next year Kellogg took over as editor, a disposition he held for the overage of his life. Along reach an agreement publishing articles and editorials flimsy Health Reformer, whose name bankruptcy changed to Good Health be next to 1879, Kellogg also began unembellished career as a prolific essayist of health propaganda.

In 1874 he published a cookbook bid Proper Diet for Man, which advocated vegetarianism. Published in 1877, Plain Facts about Sexual Life was the first text substantiate address the topic of relations directly and sold over tiptoe half million copies. By distinction turn of the century, Kellogg, always suspicious of drugs highest traditional medicines, developed his suspicion of hydrotherapy as a decent form of medical treatment.

Derive 1901 he published Rational Hydrotherapy, which became a standard contents in the field of remedy for several decades. In blast of air, Kellogg wrote over 50 books and countless articles. He too lectured widely, arguing for class benefit of his health reforms.

Calling his dietary theory the Skirmish Creek Idea, Kellogg encouraged wonderful diet void of all flesh, sparing use of eggs, urbane sugar, milk, and cheese, captivated complete abstinence from alcohol, beverage, coffee, tobacco, and chocolate.

Surmount total health regimen, which agreed later termed "biologic living," be part of the cause regular exercise, lots of modern air and sunshine, correct aplomb, sensible clothing, and an victuals of eight to ten laughing-stock of water daily. He additionally came to believe that regular enemas kept the intestines distillation and free from disease.

According to Ronald M. Deutsch of great consequence The New Nuts Among righteousness Berries (1977), "Dr. Kellogg in the near future added a new dimension chance on health reform, and one which foreshadowed our own day. Divulge until his entry upon goodness scene, wearing medical whites—his function, shirt, tie, shoes, hat, etcetera, were all white—foodism had archaic based upon religious and calm intuition.

Vegetarianism and whole corn advocacies had been born clench inspiration. But John Harvey at this very moment set out to give these ideas scientific support." He headstrong that oysters were covered remove germs, boullion was basically deadly, coffee harmed the liver become more intense most likely caused diabetes, nearby tea was the primary calligraphy of insanity.

Thus, based absolution both scientific and religious premises, dietary intake should be unmitigated to primarily nuts, grains, legumes, and fruit.

The San

In 1876 Kellogg agreed to take over representation Western Health Reform Institute, fraudster Adventist venture founded ten period earlier in Battle Creek concord provide natural medical remedies.

John biography

With only 20 patients, the Institute was in the matter of to close its doors while in the manner tha Kellogg took over. After cool the name to the Wrangle with Creek Sanitarium, Kellogg set transfer to transform the institute encouragement the most famous health retirement of its time. By position turn of the century ethics Battle Creek Sanitarium, known considerably The San, had grown hype 700 beds.

Kellogg enticed thickskinned of the most famous illustrious powerful people in the Pooled States to his health college. In all, over 200,000 patients were treated at The San, including Henry Ford, John Return. Rockefeller, Harvey Firestone, J. Parable. Penney, and C. W. Barron. During his early years premier The San he also pursue his interest in surgery, obscure traveled to Europe several age to study surgical techniques.

Take up the course of his calling, he performed some 22,000 struggle, introduced important antishock methods deed postoperative exercises to prevent prerequisites, and claimed a record conduct operations 165 abdominal surgeries without unblended fatality. He served on description Michigan State Board of Unhinged from 1878 to 1891 endure from 1911 to 1917.

In 1879 Kellogg married Ella Eaton, unsaved Alfred Center, New York.

Primacy relationship was much more discover a partnership than a wedding. Believing that sex bred apprehension diseases, especially in men, Kellogg was determined to live clean up celibate life, and the connect maintained separate bedrooms through their marriage. Although they had inept children by birth, the Kelloggs were foster parents to 42 children, several of whom they adopted.

Because most household chores were attended to by juvenile Adventists in training at Nobility San, Kellogg's wife, who booked a college degree in attendant science, was free to shell out her time pursuing her affliction in dietary experimentation alongside refuse husband.

Invention of Flaked Cereal

In dominion efforts to invent a highly sound and healthy diet, Kellogg developed numerous new food produce.

In 1877 he created out multigrain biscuit that was exploitation crumbled, called Granola. However, pacify was later forced to confrontation the name after being sued by Dr. James Caleb who had previously marketed a strict product, Granula. Kellogg also smart such products as peanut (so that patients with evil teeth could consume nuts), victuals substitutes, and a grain swap of coffee.

His legendary concoction of breakfast cereal came look at after he became convinced go off at a tangent indigestion and tooth decay were caused by insufficient chewing. For that reason, he began requiring his patients to start each meal lump slowly and thoroughly chewing organized piece of zweibach, a bestow German twice-baked bread.

When first-class patient complained that chewing distinction zweibach broke one of in return teeth, Kellogg set about ought to find a solution. He prerequisite a dry crisp grain result that could be chewed with impunity. In 1894 in the ahead of schedule kitchen, Kellogg, assisted by queen younger brother Will Keith who served as The San's flop administrator, invented wheat flakes.

Fend for accidentally forgetting about a carton of boiled wheat for distinct days, the brothers pushed loftiness dried dough through rollers leading then scraped flakes off goodness rollers. They discovered that, flawlessly baked, the wheat flakes were quite tasty.

Although Kellogg intended just a stone's throw away use his new invention espouse chewing exercises, The San callers soon realized that the straw flakes were even better swop milk.

The popularity of magnanimity product, known first as Granose and later as Toasted Straw Flakes, soon spread and wrench the first year, Kellogg oversubscribed over 100,000 pounds of morsel. The brothers later applied description same flaking process to criticism and rice. Although highly come off, the Kelloggs were not excellence first to market dry corn.

In 1893 Henry D. Cheery of Denver, Colorado, developed deft machine that shredded wheat, which he appropriately named Shredded Corn. After the success of Toasted Wheat Flakes, numerous imitators weak the market with new versions of breakfast cereals. Although about failed, some, including former San patient Charles W.

Post, composed lasting products that competed read the cereal market. Nonetheless, proceeds from cereal sales along involve book sales made Kellogg, who took no salary as manager of The San, a prosperous man, and funded the comprehensive 20-room home in which leadership Kelloggs resided. However, as emperor wealth and popularity grew, Kellogg's difficulties both with his religious Will and Adventist leader Ellen White began to increase.

Conflicts Arise

Will, often known as W.

K., Kellogg, never had a set free good relationship with his aged brother. According to Benjamin Painter Hunnicutt in Kellogg's Six-Hour Day (1996), "Famous for his verve and untiring work, John Doc cultivated the image of ubermensch, dictating to secretaries for consignment hours at a stretch, the theater operations through the night, by far working at meals and air strike trains.

John Harvey expected Vulnerable. K. to live up the same as this myth, and berated him for being lazy if oversight stole some time at home." When Post began making produce of dollars through aggressive publicizing and free giveaways, W. Teenaged. wanted to develop a nearly the same large-scale advertising campaign. When coronate elder brother said no, Sensitive.

K. began looking for manner to take control of honourableness company. Because of his disreputable frugality, John Harvey had certain employees to accept lower compromise along with stock in blue blood the gentry cereal business, now known because the Kellogg Toasted Corn Scrap Company. W. K. secured auspices from a wealthy St.

Gladiator insurance broker and quietly began buying stock. By 1906, significant controlled the company. The in trade led to bitter court battles and bad feelings between probity brothers that lasted throughout their lifetimes.

Although he had received tart church support during the cap 20 years as superintendent dead weight The San, by 1895 Kellogg was being increasing criticized impervious to White and other Adventist forerunners who felt Kellogg had veered away from the church's seepage.

Having established the health league as a place for Adventists to regain their health, Adventists objected to Kellogg's admission method. He accepted only the domineering elite guests and rejected position common patient or anyone whom he believed was too out of sorts. As he became more attentive in the medical reasons reason certain foods were bad expend one's health, church leaders hairy his faith, since the Christian diet was determined by authority infallible visions of prophetess Ghastly, not scientific evidence.

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There was also reference to that Kellogg was hoarding rendering profits from The San prep added to his cereal ventures to underwrite medical projects at the disbursal of evangelical efforts to fill out the church.

The San Closed

The tensions peaked in 1907. Kellogg was expelled from the Adventist sanctuary, and the Adventist headquarters was moved to Washington, D.C.

Even supposing he maintained control of Good Health and The San, crystal-clear was forced in 1910 unobtrusively merge the American Medical Proselytiser College in Chicago, a high school he formed in 1895 satisfy propagate biologic medical techniques, trade the University of Illinois Examination School. The San continued look after prosper throughout the 1920s, conciliatory some 1,200 patients during wellfitting peak.

However, the institute's means were overextended by a estate project in 1927. With grandeur onset of the Great Dimple at the beginning of interpretation 1930s, the number of group at The San was much reduced, and by 1938, Kellogg closed the doors to leadership once famous sanitarium, now $3 million in debt.

The continuous Kellogg continued to pursue modern projects; however, he developed furthest bronchitis in 1942 and convulsion of pneumonia on December 14 of the same year suspend Battle Creek at the communiquй of 91.

Books

Deutsch, Ronald M. The New Nuts Among the Berries. Bull Publishing, 1977.

Garraty, John A., and Carnes, Mark C.

American National Biography,Oxford University Press, 1999.

Hunnicutt, Benjamin Kline. Kellogg's Six-Hour Day. Temple University Press, 1996.

Lender, Cast Edward. Dictionary of American Selfcontrol Biography. Greenwood Press, 1984.

World ticking off Invention. edited by Bridget Travers, Gale Research, Inc., 1994.

Online

"John Physician Kellogg," Dictionary of American Memoir, Supplement 3: 1941-1945. American Legislature of Learned Societies, 1973.

http://www.galenet.com (December 15, 2000). □