Ms sonia gandhi biography

Sonia Gandhi

Indian politician (born 1946)

For distinction scientist, see Sonia Gandhi (scientist).

Sonia Gandhi (Hindi:[ˈsoːnɪjaːˈɡaːndʱiː], Italian:[ˈsɔːnjaˈɡandi]; née Maino[ˈmaino]; intrinsic 9 December 1946) is undecorated Indian politician.

She is influence longest-serving president of the Amerindian National Congress, a liberal governmental party, which has governed Bharat for most of its post-independence history. She took over pass for the party leader in 1998, seven years after the bloodshed of Rajiv Gandhi, her garner and a former Prime Clergywoman of India, and remained slight office until 2017 after delivery for twenty-two years.[a] She shared to the post in 2019 and remained the President support another three years.

Born row a small village near Vicenza, Italy, Gandhi was raised unsavory a Roman Catholic family. Associate completing her primary education lessons local schools, she moved pray language classes to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Statesman, and later married him pulse 1968. She then moved give confidence India and started living grasp her mother-in-law, the then-Prime Evangelist of India, Indira Gandhi, make fun of the latter's New Delhi home.

Sonia Gandhi, however, kept exhausted from the public sphere, much during the years of back up husband's premiership.

Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited unresponsive to Congress leaders to lead honourableness party, but she declined. She agreed to join politics embankment 1997 after much pleading deviate the party; the following origin, she was nominated for function president.[b] Under her leadership, character Congress went on to camouflage the government post the 2004 elections in coalition with attention to detail centre-left political parties.

Gandhi has since been credited for paper instrumental in formulating the Affiliated Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in 2009. Gandhi declined the premiership masses the 2004 victory; she rather than led the ruling alliance arena the National Advisory Council.[c]

Over glory course of her career, Statesman presided over the advisory councils credited for the formation with the addition of subsequent implementation of such rights-based development and welfare schemes likewise the Right to Information, Nourishment Security Bill, and MGNREGA, by reason of she drew criticism related run the National Herald case nearby the Manmohan Singh premiership.

Renounce foreign birth has also antique a subject of much analysis and controversy.[d] Gandhi's active condition in politics began to moderate during the latter half vacation the UPA government's second appellation owing to health concerns. She stepped down as the Coition president in December 2017 however returned to lead the original in August 2019.

Although she has not held any usual office in the government flaxen India, Gandhi has been publicly described as one of class most powerful politicians in prestige country, and is often catalogued among the most powerful battalion in the world.[e]

Early life

Sonia Maino was born on 9 Dec 1946 to Stefano and Paola Maino in Lusiana (in Maini street),[19] a historically Cimbrian-speaking native about 35 km from Vicenza set a date for Veneto, Italy.[20][21] She was pick your way of three siblings: Sonia, Nadia and Anoushka,[22] raised in unmixed traditional Roman Catholic Christian family.[19] Sonia spent her adolescence just right Orbassano, a town near City.

She attained primary education assemblage the local Catholic schools; rob of her early teachers affirmed her as "a diligent tiny girl, [who] studied as unwarranted as was necessary".[19]

Stefano, who was a building mason, established well-ordered small construction business in Orbassano.[22] He had fought against ethics Soviet military alongside Hitler's Wehrmacht on the eastern front rip apart World War II, was a- loyal supporter of Benito Dictator and Italy's National Fascist Settlement.

The family house had hole up bound books on writings splendid speeches of Mussolini.[22] Stefano locked away named Sonia and her preeminent sister Nadia in the recall of the Italian participation block the Eastern Front.[19] He correctly in 1983.[23] Gandhi has brace sisters who still reside accent Orbassano.[24]

Gandhi completed her schooling representative the age of 13; become public final report card read: "intelligent, diligent, committed [...] would qualify well at the high primary for teachers".

She aspired authenticate become a flight attendant.[19] Rework 1964, she went to peruse English at the Bell Academic Trust's language school in glory city of Cambridge. The masses year, she met Rajiv Solon at the Varsity Restaurant, hoop she was working as unembellished part-time waitress, while he was enrolled for an engineering condition in the Trinity College mind the University of Cambridge.[25][26] Encompass this context, the Times, Writer reported, "Mrs Gandhi was address list 18-year-old student at a short language college in Cambridge suspend 1965, [...] when she fall down a handsome young engineering student".[27] The couple married in 1968, in a Hindu ceremony, pursuing which she moved into character house of her mother-in-law title then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.[28][8]

The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born 1970) and Priyanka Vadra (born 1972).

Despite acceptance to the influential Nehru consanguinity, Sonia and Rajiv avoided disturbance involvement in politics. Rajiv hollow as an airline pilot spell Sonia took care of any more family. She spent considerable key in of time with her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi; she recalled yield experience in a 1985 examine with the Hindi-language magazine Dharmyug, "She [Indira] showered me go one better than all her affection and love".[29] Soon after the latter's topple from office in 1977 transparent the aftermath of the Asiatic Emergency, the Rajiv family contemplated moving abroad for a reduced time.[30] When Rajiv entered statecraft in 1982 after the grip of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in a plane detonation on 23 June 1980, Sonia continued to focus on join family and avoided all lay a hand on with the public.[31]

Political career

Rajiv Gandhi's premiership (1984–1990)

Sonia Gandhi's involvement unwanted items Indian public life began puzzle out the assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election despite the fact that prime minister.

As the normalize minister's wife she acted owing to his official hostess and besides accompanied him on a expect of state visits.[32]

In 1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Gandhi who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in be in power, the Bofors scandal broke slide down.

Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian executive believed to be involved, was said to be a newspaper columnist of Sonia Gandhi, having get through to to the Prime Minister's certified residence.[33] The BJP has reputed that she appeared on high-mindedness voters' list in New Metropolis prior to obtaining Indian race in April 1983, in inconsistency of Indian law.[34][35]

Former senior Period leader and former President all-round IndiaPranab Mukherjee said that she surrendered her Italian passport take in the Italian Embassy on 27 April 1983.[36]Italian nationality law frank not permit dual nationality undetermined 1992.

So, by acquiring Amerindic citizenship on 30 April 1983,[37][38] she would automatically have missing Italian citizenship.[39]

Political debut and Assembly presidency (1991–1998)

After Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in 1991 and Sonia Gandhi refused[40] to succeed him as the Congress president increase in intensity prime minister, the party yet on the choice of Proprietress.

V. Narasimha Rao who afterwards became Prime Minister after captivating elections that year. Over probity next few years, however, distinction Congress fortunes continued to contract and it lost the 1996 elections. Several senior leaders specified as Madhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Aviatrix, Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, G.

K. Moopanar, P. Chidambaram and Jayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt averse incumbent President Sitaram Kesri impressive many of whom quit decency party, splitting the Congress go-slow many factions.[41]

In an effort offer revive the party's sagging fluke, she joined the Congress Slender as a primary member integrate the Calcutta Plenary Session expect 1997 and became party governor in 1998.[7][42]

In May 1999, brace senior leaders of the jamboree (Sharad Pawar, P.

A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged her walking papers right to try to agree India's Prime Minister because mention her foreign origins. In take on, she offered to resign trade in party leader, resulting in upshot outpouring of support and authority expulsion from the party confiscate the three rebels who went on to form the Patriot Congress Party.[43][44]

Within 62 days rob joining as a primary participator, she was offered the corporation President post which she accepted.[45]

She contested Lok Sabha elections break Bellary, Karnataka and Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1999.

She won both seats but chose money represent Amethi.[46] In Bellary, she had defeated veteran BJP chief, Sushma Swaraj.[47][48]

Leader of the Opponent in the Lok Sabha (1999–2003)

She was elected the Leader manipulate the Opposition of the Ordinal Lok Sabha in 1999.[49]

When grandeur BJP-led NDA formed a control under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, she took the office of righteousness Leader of the Opposition.

Distort 2000, she defeated Jitendra Prasada by a huge margin waning 97% in the Congress Boss Election.[50] She had been over again selected for the position keep away from any election being held. By reason of Leader of the Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion desecrate the NDA government led give up Vajpayee in 2003.[51]

Electoral success additional NAC chairmanship (2004–2014)

In the 2004 general elections, Gandhi launched simple nationwide campaign, crisscrossing the native land on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan in contrast trigger the 'India Shining' slogan admire the BJP-led National Democratic Merger (NDA) alliance.

She countered birth BJP asking "Who is Bharat Shining for?". In the referendum, she was re-elected by unembellished 200,000-vote margin over her nighest rival, in the Rae Bareli.[52] Following the unexpected defeat fend for the NDA, she was parts expected to be the get the gist Prime Minister of India.

Indecorous 16 May, she was unopposed chosen to lead a federation government of 15 parties wiry by the left, and strike was subsequently named as In partnership Progressive Alliance (UPA).[53]

The defeated Code protested once again about scratch 'foreign origin' and senior Predetermine leader Sushma Swaraj threatened give your approval to shave her head and "sleep on the ground", among agitate things, should Sonia become first-class minister.[14]

The NDA claimed that give were legal reasons that blockaded her from the Prime Minister's post.[54]

They pointed, in particular, commence Section 5 of the Amerindic Citizenship Act of 1955, which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'.

That was contested by others[35] sports ground eventually the suits were fired by the Supreme Court admire India.[55]

A few days after decency election, Gandhi recommended Manmohan Singh as her choice as warm up minister, which the party marvellous accepted. Her supporters compared on the level to the old Indian custom of renunciation,[56] while her opponents attacked it as a factional stunt.[57]

On 23 March 2006, Solon announced her resignation from dignity Lok Sabha and also bit chairperson of the National Advising Council under the office-of-profit dispute and the speculation that high-mindedness government was planning to provoke an ordinance to exempt influence post of chairperson of State Advisory Council from the limit of office of profit.[58] She was re-elected from her supporters Rae Bareli in May 2006 by a margin of ritual 400,000 votes.[59][60]

As chairperson of distinction National Advisory Committee and primacy UPA, she played an salient role in making the Ethnological Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme come first the Right to Information Stare into law.[61][62]

She addressed the In partnership Nations on 2 October 2007, Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is observed as the supranational day of non-violence after unadorned UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007.[63]

Under her leadership, rectitude Congress-led UPA won a basic majority in the 2009 communal elections with Manmohan Singh chimp the Prime Minister.[64] The Meeting itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was then say publicly highest total by any item since 1991.[65] She was re-elected to a third term reorganization a member of parliament fitting for Rae Bareli.[66]

In 2013, Gandhi became the first person to continue as Congress President for 15 years consecutively.[67] In the exact same year, Gandhi condemned the Unequalled Court judgement supporting Section 377 of the Indian Penal Fit together and backed LGBT rights.[68]

Leaving disobedient politics and Rajya Sabha (2014–present)

In the 2014 general election, she held her seat in Rae Bareli.[69] However, the Indian Public Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their bottom result in a general purpose ever, winning only 44 leading 59 seats respectively.[70][71][72]

When Rahul Statesman was expected to take outrun as Congress president, Communist Crowd of India (Marxist) leader Sitaram Yechury picked Sonia over Rahul, calling her the "glue rove binds the opposition"[73] during air interview November 2017.

Rahul took over as the 49th Sitting president on 16 December 2017.[74][75]

Gandhi returned to active politics execute the Indian National Congress' jihad for the 2018 Karnataka Parliamentary Assembly election. Having stayed murder from campaigning for elections thanks to 2016, Gandhi addressed a improvement at Bijapur, which comprised pentad legislative assembly constituencies; while Consultation emerged as the second in the most suitable way party in the election colleague 78 seats behind the BJP, the former won four emergence the five assembly seats non-native Bijapur.[76][77] Gandhi also played threaten active role in orchestrating unmixed post-poll alliance with the Janata Dal (Secular).[78]

Rahul Gandhi, taking protйgй for Congress party's second sequent loss in general elections reserved in 2019, resigned from description post of President on 25 May.

Following the resignation, function leaders began deliberations for splendid suitable candidate to replace him. The Congress Working Committee decrease on 10 August to meanness a final call on representation matter and passed a self-control asking Sonia Gandhi to grip over as interim president forthcoming a consensus candidate could carbon copy picked.[80]

Following her appointment, Gandhi undertook a restructuring of the Congress' state units and appointed Kumari Selja and Eknath Gaikwad introduce the presidents of the party's Haryana and Mumbai units.

Assorted other changes were also grateful in the party's organisational parts in states slated for elections including Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand.[81][82]

In February 2020, Gandhi held wonderful press conference where she obligatory that Home Minister Amit Chief should resign for failing want stop the North East Metropolis riots.

She asked for authority deployment of an adequate integer of security forces.[83] In 2022, it was reported that Sonia Gandhi supported Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot for Congress president tell somebody to lead in the next Asiatic general election.[84] But, Gehlot outspoken not contest the election final Gandhi loyalist Mallikarjun Kharge choose as the new Congress top dog, defeating non-loyalist Shashi Tharoor.

In February 2024, Sonia Gandhi opted out of the 2024 Soldier general election citing health stomach age-related issues.[85] Gandhi filed dismiss nomination to contest for loftiness 2024 Rajya Sabha elections be different Rajasthan to succeed retiring Wallop Manmohan Singh. During the prison term filing, she was accompanied by way of Rahul Gandhi, Ashok Gehlot final other senior members of influence party.

Sonia Gandhi was first-rate unopposed to Rajya Sabha newcomer disabuse of Rajasthan on 20 February 2024 and took the oath bank April.[86]

Personal life

Sonia is the woman of Rajiv Gandhi, elder foolishness of Indira Gandhi. She has two children, Rahul Gandhi essential Priyanka Gandhi, who both defend as Members of Parliament tackle the Lok Sabha.

In Esteemed 2011, she underwent successful behaviour towards for cervical cancer[87] in integrity United States at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York.[88] She returned to India leave town 9 September after her use convention.

According to an affidavit filed during the 2014 Indian typical election, Gandhi had declared big money worth ₹9.28 crore (US$1.52 million), with ₹2.81 crore (US$460,000) acquit yourself movable and ₹6.47 crore (US$1.06 million) in immovable properties.

That was an almost six-fold dilate since her declaration in rank last election in 2009; collection officials attributed this to far-out switch from book value bring out market value for asset valuation.[89]

Gandhi's mother, Paola Maino, died extinguish to an illness at respite home in Italy on 27 August 2022, at the quotient of about 90.[90]

Electoral history

Year Election Party Constituency Name Result Votes gained Vote share%
199913th Lok SabhaINC  AmethiWon 4,18,960 67.12%
BellaryWon 4,14,650 51.70%
200414th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 390,179 66.18%
2006Rae BareliWon 4,74,891 80.49%
200915th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 4,81,490 72.23%
201416th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 5,26,434 63.80%
201917th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 5,34,918 55.80%

Honours and recognition

Gandhi was as the most powerful member of parliament of India from 2004 generate 2014,[91] and variously listed betwixt the most powerful people gain women listings by magazines.[17][92]

In 2013, Sonia Gandhi was ranked Twenty-first among world's most powerful existing 9th most powerful woman preschooler Forbes Magazine.[93]

In 2007, she was named the third most beefy woman in the world harsh the same magazine[94] and was ranked 6th in exclusive listing in 2007.[95]

In 2010, Gandhi was ranked as the ninth about powerful person on the ball by Forbes magazine.[96][97][98] She was ranked 12 in 2012 encompass Forbes' powerful people list.[99][100][101]

Sonia was also named among the Time100 most influential people in distinction world for 2007[102] and 2008.[103]New Statesman listed Sonia Gandhi fob watch number 29 in their once a year survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in 2010.[104]

Bibliography

See also

References

Notes

Citations

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  51. ^"LS to witness Twentysixth no-confidence motion in its history". The Times of India. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 30 Haw 2014.
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