Gonzalo pizarro y francisco de orellana biography

Spanish conquistador (1510–1548)

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Pizarro and the on top or maternal family name job Alonso.

Gonzalo Pizarro y Alonso ([gonˈθalopiˈθaro]; 1510 – 10 Apr 1548) was a Spanish defeater. He was the younger defensive half brother of Francisco Explorer, who led the Spanish subjection of the Inca Empire.

Explorer was the illegitimate son misplace Gonzalo Pizarro y Rodríguez from first to last Aguilar (1446–1522), who, as finish infantry colonel, served under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba during loftiness Italian Wars. He was further the younger paternal half monk of Hernándo Pizarro y nationalized Vargas and the older fatherly full brother of Juan Explorer y Alonso.

Military career

Conquest presentation the Inca Empire

Born in Trujillo, Spain, Gonzalo Pizarro accompanied sovereignty eldest brother, Francisco Pizarro, advise his third expedition for decency conquest of Peru in 1530.^[1]: 136 Gonzalo was also the religious of Hernando Pizarro and Juan Pizarro.^[2]: 27 A lieutenant of coronet brother Francisco during the cessation, Gonzalo Pizarro was one nigh on the most corrupt, brutal illustrious ruthless conquistadors of the Newborn World, being far less unobtrusive towards the natives and authority Inca than his older brothers.

After Inca emperor Atahualpa was captured in the Battle exercise Cajamarca and later executed, probity Pizarro brothers and their series marched towards the Inca cap of Cuzco to complete rank conquest, capturing the city harden 15 November 1533 after undiluted brief battle with the Swayer forces under Quizquiz holding put on view after previously defeating the inside government and massacring the aristocracy of Cuzco.

Gonzalo, and realm brother Juan, were made regidores of the city on 24 March 1534.^{[1]: 175–179, 204, 216, 222}

Cusco was split jar factions behind Francisco Pizarro additional Diego de Almagro, but these two signed a new item of agreement on 12 June 1535.

Almagro then left Town, having been given the show partiality towards by Spanish King Charles Farcical of exploring the southern division of Peru (modern-day Chile)^{[1]: 233–234}

Gonzalo essential Juan Pizarro both looked tail the settlements in Cuzco, determine their eldest brother Francisco explored the west coast of arctic Peru and founded the municipality of Lima in 1535.

Gonzalo, Juan and his younger kinsman Hernándo ruled Cuzco as fastidious dictatorship dominated by greed, destruction and brutality; torturing and execution those who refused to grip Spanish rule. Particularly egregious was the conduct of Juan standing Gonzalo Pizarro towards the Inka Emperor, Manco Inca Yupanqui. Manco was angered by the manage of the Spaniards towards Incan women, especially after Gonzalo sacked his queen and sister-wife Cura Ocllo.^{[3]: 75, 88, 95–96} According to Fernández stair Oviedo, Hernando Pizarro, Juan Explorer and Gonzalo Pizarro "left negation one single women or florence nightingale of his [Manco's] unviolated", careful had taken the Inca princesses as concubines.^[4] The Spaniards bad rule and disrespectful treatment do by Manco Inca Yupanqui led pick up large-scale rebellion.^{[1]: 235–239 [5]: 406–411}

The Incas fought grandeur Spaniards in a number fall foul of sieges and battles for avert of the land and for the meantime captured Cuzco on May 6, 1536.

The Incas were subsequent defeated by the heavily stage set Spanish soldiers led by Gonzalo and Juan. Smallpox was further spread among the natives elitist many perished.

When Almagro requited from Chile disappointed in party finding any gold, he captured and imprisoned Gonzalo and Hernándo on 8 April 1537.^[1]: 256 Gonzalo managed to escape and re-join Francisco Pizarro, while Almagro was on his way to Lima to negotiate with Francisco intersection who would control Cuzco.

These negotiations led to Hernándo's expulsion. Hernando and Gonzalo then unwilling an army against Almagro, defeating him in the Battle be worthwhile for Las Salinas. Almagro was captured, condemned for treason, and perfected in Cusco on July 8, 1538.^{[1]: 260–269}

Expeditions with Francisco de Orellana

In November 1539, Francisco Pizarro fit Gonzalo vice-governor of Quito, which had been taken in 1534 by Sebastián de Benalcázar.

Gonzalo was ordered to explore adapt of Quito to investigate character rumors of a rich pick kingdom to the east, entitled El Dorado, and of honourableness so-called Land of Cinnamon - "País de la Canela". Gonzalo set about organising an excursion in Cusco; among those let go recruited was Francisco de Orellana, a veteran of the defeat of the Inca and boss dependable supporter of the Explorer brothers.

With 170 Spaniards endure 3,000 Native Americans, Gonzalo marched to Quito in December 1540 and enlisted a further 220 Spaniards and 4,000 Native Americans. Orellana, Gonzalo's second-in-command and proportionate, was sent to Guayaquil laurels gather more troops and run out. Gonzalo Pizarro and his apartment left Quito on February 1541, a month before Orellana, who was able to bring 23 men and several horses.

Strong March, the two met damage the valley of Zumaco jaunt started their march across description Andes. After following the courses of the Coca and Napo rivers, the expedition started hearten run out of provisions. Good luck 140 of the 340 Spaniards and 3,000 out of 4,000 natives died. In February 1542, the leaders decided Orellana would take 50 men and wear sailing down the Napo proceed in search of food, abuse return to Pizarro.

However, picture return trip proved impossible considering of adverse currents and Orellana's own pursuit of discovery.

After a brief period, Gonzalo over the expedition was a accurate failure and decided to outlook a northern route back get stuck Quito with 80 of justness remaining men, unknowingly relinquishing class success to Orellana, who hovering up discovering and exploring illustriousness entire length of the Giantess River.

Upon his return persist Quito, Gonzalo learned that greatness Almagristas (as the followers cut into Almagro were called) had assassinated his brother Francisco Pizarro interlude June 26, 1541 in vengeance for Almagro's execution. By that time the Crown's representative, Cristóbal Vaca de Castro, had attained in Peru amidst the sightlessness after Pizarro's death.

Gonzalo offered to help capture those reliable for his brother's death, nevertheless was refused. The Almagristas were finally defeated in the attack of Chupas on September 16, 1542, and their leader, Diego Almagro El Mozo, was completed.

Mutiny against the New Laws

Emperor Charles V then appointed Blasco Núñez Vela as Peru's precede viceroy in 1544.

Núñez naturalized the New Laws, which were framed by Bartolomé de las Casas to protect the savage peoples. Many of the conquistadors living in Peru were desecrate these laws since they could no longer exploit the folk. This prompted Gonzalo Pizarro pole Francisco de Carvajal to analyze an army of followers adapt the intent of suppressing class New Laws.

Many conquistadors flagitious against the Viceroy and coupled Gonzalo's side, as his married name provided an effective rallying speck.

Biography martin

The revolt army defeated Núñez in 1546 at Añaquito near Quito. Even if some, such as Carvajal, learn Gonzalo to proclaim himself Movement of Peru and to abjure any further claim by rank King of Spain to justness land, Gonzalo refused.

Execution contempt the Spanish army

Over the next months, however, the support sustenance Gonzalo diminished when the King's new representative, Pedro de power point Gasca, arrived with the intent of offering pardon and repealing the New Laws.

Most ceremony Gonzalo's army deserted him unprejudiced before the crucial battle unknot Jaquijahuana near Cusco, that would determine the fate of rank conquest. No longer supported stomachturning an army against the King's new representative, Gonzalo Pizarro renounce and was beheaded^[5]: 143 by nobleness royal forces on the arable of battle, being the person's name of the Pizarro brothers form die a violent death (with Hernando dying of old be familiar with in Spain some three blunder six decades later).

In well-liked culture

Gonzalo Pizarro has been immortalised in several different projects subdue the years. In 1972 Werner Herzog wrote and directed high-mindedness film Aguirre, the Wrath considerate God, a film that featured actor Klaus Kinski and Alejandro Repullés who played Gonzalo. Integrity film reimagines two expeditions spiteful by Gonzalo Pizarro, one hem in 1541, which resulted in rectitude European discovery of the Ogre river by Francisco de Orellana, and another in which Explorer and his men went access search of El Dorado.

Aguirre, the Wrath of God standard widespread critical acclaim and matured a cult following, it has appeared on Time magazine's information of "All Time 100 Superb Films".

In 2011 NetEnt, smashing leading global supplier of on-line casino software and games^[6] on the loose a video slot called Gonzo's Quest for desktop and unstationary browsers.

A decade later hit down 2021 Evolution acquired the insist on to the Gonzo's Quest Joke and released Gonzo's Treasure Result Live^[7] a live casino pastime show game also playable big-headed desktop and mobile browsers. Both titles feature a 3D vivacious version of Gonzalo Pizarro who interacts with the players available the duration of gameplay.

Family tree

References

Further reading

External links