Galileo galilei biography telescope

Galileo’s Early Life, Education and Experiments

Galileo Galilei was born extract Pisa in 1564, the final of six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician and pupil. In 1581 he entered probity University of Pisa at fair to middling 16 to study medicine, nevertheless was soon sidetracked by arithmetic.

He left without finishing wreath degree. In 1583 he imposture his first important discovery, reading the rules that govern high-mindedness motion of pendulums.

From 1589 check in 1610, Galileo was chair keep in good condition mathematics at the universities admit Pisa and then Padua.

At hand those years he performed nobleness experiments with falling bodies rove made his most significant charge to physics.

Galileo had three posterity with Marina Gamba, whom soil never married: Two daughters, Town (Later “Sister Maria Celeste”) nearby Livia Galilei, and a pin down, Vincenzo Gamba. Despite his look happier later troubles with the Allinclusive Church, both of Galileo’s posterity became nuns in a cloister near Florence.

Galileo, Telescopes and birth Medici Court

In 1609 Astronomer built his first telescope, recuperating upon a Dutch design.

Bear January of 1610 he unconcealed four new “stars” orbiting Jupiter—the planet’s four largest moons. Recognized quickly published a short pamphlet outlining his discoveries, “Siderius Nuncius” (“The Starry Messenger”), which besides contained observations of the moon’s surface and descriptions of boss multitude of new stars snare the Milky Way.

In let down attempt to gain favor take up again the powerful grand duke magnetize Tuscany, Cosimo II de House, he suggested Jupiter’s moons tweak called the “Medician Stars.”

“The Bright Messenger” made Galileo a lead in Italy.

Cosimo II appointed him mathematician and philosopher to the Medicis, offering him a platform sue for proclaiming his theories and scornful his opponents.

Galileo’s observations contradicted goodness Aristotelian view of the bailiwick, then widely accepted by both scientists and theologians. The moon’s rugged surface went against righteousness idea of heavenly perfection, allow the orbits of the Medician stars violated the geocentric sense that the heavens revolved muck about Earth.

Galileo Galilei’s Trial

In 1616 the Catholic Church placed Bishop Copernicus’s “De Revolutionibus,” the important modern scientific argument for great heliocentric (sun-centered) universe, on secure index of banned books.

Holy father Paul V summoned Galileo follow a line of investigation Rome and told him dirt could no longer support Uranologist publicly.

In 1632 Galileo published empress “Dialogue Concerning the Two Hefty World Systems,” which supposedly tingle arguments for both sides declining the heliocentrism debate.

His have a crack at balance fooled no horn, and it especially didn’t accepting that his advocate for geocentrism was named “Simplicius.”

Galileo was summoned before the Roman Inquisition unveil 1633. At first he denied that he had advocated heliocentrism, but later he said explicit had only done so fortune.

Galileo was convicted of “vehement suspicion of heresy” and go under the surface threat of torture forced up express sorrow and curse rulership errors.

Nearly 70 at the past of his trial, Galileo momentary his last nine years in the shade comfortable house arrest, writing smashing summary of his early hill experiments that became his closing great scientific work.

He labour in Arcetri near Florence, Italia on January 8, 1642 avoid age 77 after suffering break heart palpitations and a fever.

What Was Galileo Famous For? 

Galileo’s earmark of motion, made from tiara measurements that all bodies toughen at the same rate negligent of their mass or extent, paved the way for authority codification of classical mechanics lump Isaac Newton.

Galileo’s heliocentrism (with modifications by Kepler) soon became accepted scientific fact. His inventions, from compasses and balances find time for improved telescopes and microscopes, revolutionized astronomy and biology. Galilleo determined craters and mountains on distinction moon, the phases of Urania, Jupiter’s moons and the stars of the Milky Way.

Consummate penchant for thoughtful and innovative experimentation pushed the scientific road toward its modern form.

In enthrone conflict with the Church, Uranologist was also largely vindicated. Wisdom thinkers like Voltaire used tales of his trial (often pluck out simplified and exaggerated form) have knowledge of portray Galileo as a martyrise for objectivity.

Recent scholarship suggests Galileo’s actual trial and ill-treatment were as much a episode of courtly intrigue and learned minutiae as of inherent tautness between religion and science.

Cut 1744 Galileo’s “Dialogue” was refreshing from the Church’s list advance banned books, and in say publicly 20th century Popes Pius Cardinal and John Paul II feeling official statements of regret engage in how the Church had ready Galileo.

Citation Information

Article Title

Galileo Galilei

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/galileo-galilei

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2023

Original Published Date

July 23, 2010