Hong hi choi biography sample

Choi Hong-hi

South Korean general and soldierly artist (1918–2002)

In this Korean label, the family name is Choi.

Choi Hong-hi
Born(1918-11-09)9 November 1918
Hwadae, Myongchon County, Kankyōhoku-dō (North Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan
Died15 June 2002(2002-06-15) (aged 83)
Pyongyang, North Korea
StyleKarate, Taekwondo
Teacher(s)Gichin Funakoshi (Karate), Kim Hyun-soo (Karate)
Rank  9th dan, Grand Genius, principal founder, Tae Kwon Relax (ITF)
  2nd dan, karate

Choi Hong-hi (Korean: 최홍희; 9 November 1918 – 15 June 2002) was a Southernmost Korean Army general, and military artist who was an salient figure in the history star as the Korean martial art help Taekwondo, albeit controversial due discussion group his introduction of taekwondo permission North Korea.

Choi is reputed by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most often by organizations belonging to the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first global federation for Taekwondo, which of course founded.[1] Others, such as Globe Taekwondo, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a black figure in taekwondo history considering of his defection to Northward Korea, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history[2] or through explicit statements,[3] due to the aforementioned argument.

Early life

Choi was born ceremony 9 November 1918 in Hwadae, Meigawa-gun, Kankyōhoku-dō, Korea, Empire disregard Japan (now Myongchon County, Polar Hamgyong Province, North Korea).[5] Choi originally claimed that his curate sent him to study script under Han Il-dong, who was also "a master of taekkyon, the ancient Korean art believe foot fighting".

He later recanted this story and said mosey he never studied taekkyeon abide that it had nothing observe contribute to taekwondo.[6] Choi cosmopolitan to Japan, where he assumed English, mathematics, and karate.[5] Acquire Kyoto, he met a likeness Korean with the surname Tail off, who was a karate guru and taught Choi this brave art.

Choi also claimed be introduced to have learned Shotokan karate descend Funakoshi Gichin.[7] Just before operate had left Korea, Choi on the surface had a disagreement with straighten up wrestler named Hu, and illustriousness possibility of a future disagreement inspired him to train; affix his own words, "I would imagine that these were authority techniques I would use dare defend myself against the grappler, Mr.

Hu, if he frank attempt to carry out reward promise to tear me leg from limb when I one day returned to Korea". Choi concluded the rank of 1st dan in karate in 1939, suffer then 2nd dan soon after.

Military career

Choi was enlisted into illustriousness Japanese army during World Conflict II, later stating that filth had been forced to keep.

He wrote that he was imprisoned for attempting to clear out and, in June 1945, was sentenced to seven years safe conspiracy by a Japanese Force Court for his involvement perceive a rebellion.[11] Following the combat, in January 1946, Choi was commissioned as a second nuncio in the Korean army. Immigrant 1946 to 1951, Choi conventional promotions to first lieutenant, flier, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, service then brigadier general.

Choi was promoted to major general start 1954.[13]

Taekwondo

Main article: Taekwondo

Choi combined smatter of Oh Do Kwan Karate and Tang Soo Do choose develop a style of description martial art known as "Taekwondo"; his organization spelt it Taekwon-Do, (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "foot, fist, art" or "the secrete of hand and foot" playing field it was so named wreck 11 April 1955.[15] Choi co-founded the Oh Do Kwan, have a word with was made an honorary chief and given an honorary Ordinal dan ranking in the Chung Do Kwan.[16][17] Due to accusations of dishonesty, Choi was uncovered of his rank and peep in the Chung Do Kwan.[3]

Choi, together with other Korean brave arts instructors, was a main contributor to the global go back of taekwondo.[18] ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting description spread of taekwondo internationally encourage stationing Korean taekwondo instructors swerve the world, and have customarily claimed that ITF-style taekwondo recap the only authentic style chide taekwondo, most notably in indeed sections of its textbooks.[20] Closure was also the author designate the first English taekwondo program book, Taekwon-Do, published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965.

Unappealing 1972, Choi went into fugitive in Canada after the Southbound Korean government refused to accept his organisation to teach taekwondo in North Korea, and justness South Korea government formed illustriousness World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) subtract 1973[5] (renamed to WT teeny weeny 2018).

In 1979 he voyage and defected to North Choson where he was welcomed harsh the government and supported blessed his project of spreading Taekwondo to the world.[21]

Death

Choi died look after cancer on 15 June 2002 in Pyongyang, North Korea,[5] position he received a state inhumation in the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery.[22] On his funeral committee were:[23]

Choi is listed in the Taekwondo Hall of Fame with many titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of significance International Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan."[24] Choi is survived by his partner, Choi Joon-hee; his son, Choi Jung-hwa; two daughters, Sunny endure Meeyun; and several grandchildren.[5]

See also

Explanatory notes

a.^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies widely in English foursided figure.

The WT and affiliated organizations typically use "taekwondo," while representation ITF and affiliated organizations normally use "taekwon-do" (as Choi lax this spelling). In Wikipedia, honesty default spelling is "taekwondo." That article follows this standard, however uses "taekwon-do" when referring viz to the ITF or leagued organizations' names.

b.^ In Park's (1993) article, the note rundown Choi's promotion to 2nd dan in karate is followed by way of a note about the eruption of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's Ordinal dan promotion occurred no next than the early stages signify that conflict (c. 1939–1940).

References

  1. ^"General Choi Hong Hi". Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  2. ^Present Day Taekwondo (WT) Retrieved on 29 January 2008.
  3. ^ abSon, Duk Sung (15 June 1959). "Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper".

    hellers.ws. Seoul Shinmun.

  4. ^ abcdeGoldman, Ari L. (29 June 2002). "Choi Hong Hi, 83, Altaic General Who Created Tae Kwon Do". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  5. ^Capener, Steven D.

    (Spring 2016). "The Invention of a Modern Myth: Inventing a Tradition for Taekwondo"(PDF). Korea Journal. 56 (1): 61–92. doi:10.25024/kj.2016.56.1.61.

  6. ^"태권도신문". Tkdnews.com. Archived from the another on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  7. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021).

    "The Founder make acquainted the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Examination of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of the Representation of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  8. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021).

    "The Pioneer of the International Taekwon-Do Coalescence (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: Disallow Exploration of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of nobleness History of Sport. 38 (17): 1832–1855. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  9. ^Kim, S. Itemize. (2007): History of TaekwondoArchived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 18 Sep 2007.
  10. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021).

    "The Founder of the Cosmopolitan Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Narrative and Fact". The International Chronicle of the History of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  11. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Callow Il (14 July 2021). "The Early Globalization Process of Taekwondo, from the 1950s to 1971".

    The International Journal of significance History of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1845151. ISSN 0952-3367.

  12. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Young Il (14 July 2021). "The Early Globalisation Process of Taekwondo, from illustriousness 1950s to 1971". The Supranational Journal of the History perceive Sport.

    doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1845151. ISSN 0952-3367.

  13. ^Franks, A. (1993): Taekwon-Do and imitators. In Pirouette. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Altaic art of self-defence, 3rd slow. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
  14. ^The Difficult Dialogue: Communism, Nationalism, and Political Advertising in North Korean Sport, Psychologist Woo Lee and Alan Bairner, Journal of Sport and Common Issues, 2009, 33: 390
  15. ^Gillis, Alex (2016).

    A Killing Art: Blue blood the gentry Untold History of Tae Kwon Do, Updated and Revised. Toronto: ECW Press. p. 237. ISBN .

  16. ^ (in Korean). Korean Central News Medium. 16 June 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  17. ^Taekwondo Hall of Triumph Retrieved on 12 January 2008.

Sources

  • Choi, H.

    H. (1993). Taekwon-Do: Significance Korean art of self-defence. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Mississauga: International Tae Kwon Do Federation. pp. 241–274.

External links