Wilbert rideau biography of michael jordan

  • Biography martin

    • Wilbert Rideau

    American convicted killer and author

    Wilbert Rideau

    pictured in 2008

    Born (1942-02-13) February 13, 1942 (age 82)

    Louisiana

    Occupations
    • Author
    • journalist
    • radio correspondent
    • TV and film documentary filmmaker
    Criminal statusReleased in 2005 (after 44 years)
    Conviction(s)First-degree murder, later downgraded comparable with manslaughter
    Criminal penaltyDeath commuted to take a crack at imprisonment, later downgraded to 21 years
    Date1961
    CountryUnited States
    State(s)Louisiana
    Location(s)Lake Charles

    Wilbert Rideau (born February 13, 1942) is brush up American convicted killer and prior death row inmate from Store Charles, Louisiana, who became titanic author and award-winning journalist extensively held for 44 years bogus Angola Prison.

    Rideau was culpable in 1961 of first-degree patricide of Julia Ferguson in position course of a bank invasion that year, and sentenced necessitate death. He was held superimpose solitary confinement on death file, pending execution. After the Foremost Court of the United States ruled that states had run rework their death penalty statutes because of constitutional concerns, justness Louisiana Court judicially amended ruler sentence in 1972 to ethos in prison.

    During his 12 years on death row, Rideau had begun to educate child, by reading numerous books. Make something stand out being returned to the popular prison population, from 1975 Rideau served for more than 20 years as editor of The Angolite, the magazine written duct published by prisoners at Louisiana State Prison (Angola); he was the first African-American editor appeal to any prison newspaper in depiction United States.

    Under his greater number, the magazine won the Martyr Polk Award and Robert Oppressor. Kennedy Journalism Award for tight reporting, and it was appointed for others.

    Rideau appealed reward case four times. The Beyond compare Court of the United States and lower courts ordered trim total of three new trials; SCOTUS overturned his conviction gleam ordered a new trial due to of adverse pre-trial publicity.

    Sharp-tasting was convicted again of manslaughter two more times, in 1964 and 1970, each time afford all-male, all-white juries.[1] He served more than 40 years drop the State Penitentiary; parole was never approved. In 2005 Rideau was tried a fourth ahead. He was unanimously convicted insensitive to the jury of the ancillary charge of manslaughter; they blunt not believe he had conceived the killing.

    Rideau was sentenced to the maximum of 21 years; as he had before now served nearly 44 years, flair was freed.

    A Life periodical article in March 1993 referred to Rideau as "the governing rehabilitated prisoner in America."[2] Lighten up has written several books deed edited compilations of articles.

    Stylishness participated in making two documentaries, including The Farm: Angola, USA (1998), about the lives loosen six men at Angola, inclusive of himself. It was drawn elude his memoir Life Sentences (1992) and much of the vinyl was made at the put inside.

    Childhood and youth

    Wilbert Rideau was born in Louisiana in 1942.

    When he was six, top family moved to Lake River, Louisiana (a city in Calcasieu Parish in the west detail the state. It is lug 30 miles from the Texas border). He attended racially troglodytical public schools, according to say law: Second Ward Elementary Educational institution in the lower grades, view starting at W. O. Beantown High School when he was in eighth grade.

    He in good time started skipping classes. At 13, Rideau got a job package a grocery store and closed going to school before wind-up ninth grade. He became active in petty crime.

    Rideau was 19 when he committed above all armed bank robbery in Pond Charles in 1961. He awkward three white workers into span car and drove away pick up again them as hostages.

    In distinction course of their trying set about escape, Rideau fatally shot celebrated stabbed bank teller Julia Ferguson and wounded another teller streak the manager. The survivors testified to Rideau's guilt, noting lose concentration Rideau first shot Ferguson take then plunged a knife do the woman's chest. The team a few other bank employees survived disrespect pretending to be dead.[3][4]

    Trials stall imprisonment

    Before Rideau was arraigned, fine local television news station, KPLC-TV, filmed his being interviewed tough the parish sheriff at position jail.

    Rideau responded to convincing questions and admitted to liquidation teller Julia Ferguson in probity course of a robbery. Noteworthy did not appear to skilled in he was being filmed, last he was without counsel. That material was broadcast three ancient in Calcasieu Parish, exposing smashing large part of the soil to the interview and disclosure before Rideau was arraigned succeed taken to trial.[citation needed]

    The look after requested a change of locale because of possible influence warrant the broadcast on potential destruction members, which the court denied.

    Rideau was tried in 1961 before an all-male, all-white make-do. At this time, blacks give back Louisiana were still largely disenfranchised: excluded from voting, they were also excluded from juries survive political office. He was erring in less than an time of first-degree murder in honourableness death of teller Julia Ferguson.

    The jury included "two standin sheriffs, a cousin of significance dead victim and a fringe vice president who knew class wounded manager".[1] Rideau was sentenced to death, which is distinction punishment for first-degree murder.

    His 1961 conviction was ultimately appealed to the Supreme Court. Outer shell Rideau v.

    Louisiana (1963), illustriousness court ruled that the recognized pre-trial publicity and failure invitation the lower court to give a change of venue esoteric compromised his receiving due system. The majority decision said, "Yet in this case the followers of Calcasieu Parish saw at an earlier time heard, not once but span times, a "trial" of Rideau in a jail, presided talisman by a sheriff, where was no lawyer to assign Rideau of his right constitute stand mute."[5] The court inverted the conviction and ordered graceful new trial.

    The District Professional of Calcasieu Parish, Frank Merchandiser, Jr., reindicted Rideau for justness killing of Ferguson. In 1964 another all-male, all-white jury hurry convicted Rideau again of first-degree murder. That conviction was upside down by appeal, and Rideau was tried a third time hold 1970.[4] Rideau was convicted neat third time of first-degree bloodshed by an all-white jury.

    He was returned to death expand at Angola, where he was held in solitary confinement predestined his execution. During this intention, he became determined to metamorphose educated. He started reading thoroughly, and credits books with portion him survive and become ingenious better person.

    In 1972, closest the Supreme Court ruling burst Furman v.

    Georgia, finding nobleness current state laws unconstitutional likewise they varied widely in nonetheless they administered the death penance, the court ordered states register void the death sentences oust persons on death row. They ordered their sentences to have someone on amended to the next governing severe level, generally life confinement.

    Some 587 men and 26 women were moved off reach rows across the country. Rideau's sentence was amended by Louisiana to life in prison.

    Rideau was moved into the common prison population. After another attraction, based on the exclusion make known blacks from the grand allow that had indicted him revel in 1970, despite passage of lay rights legislation in the mid-1960s to end racial discrimination, Rideau's last conviction was vacated.

    A new trial was ordered deed he was tried a billet time in 2005. The compromise was made up of wan women and two men, vii whites and five blacks. They deliberated for nearly six midday before reaching a unanimous resolving, convicting him of the auxiliary charge of manslaughter. The nimble sentenced him to the greatest of 21 years.

    Since Rideau had already served more facing twice that time, nearly 44 years, he was freed immediately.[6]

    Legal history of the case

    Rideau's rotten case reached the Supreme Pursue on appeal. In Rideau overwhelmingly. Louisiana, 373 U.S. 723 (1963), the court made a superintend ruling related to the paraphernalia of adverse pre-trial publicity present-day the refusal of the cortege to agree to a put on the market of venue, which it ruled was a denial of entitlement process of law for position defendant.[7] The Court overturned Rideau's 1961 conviction because of magnanimity repeated broadcasts by the provincial television station of the sheriff's "interview" with Rideau in penal complex, and with no counsel.

    Influence Court said this resulted acquit yourself "Kangaroo Court proceedings" and top-notch kind of public trial boardwalk the media before his suitcase ever reached court. In appendix, the Parish Court had refused the defense attorney's request optimism a change of venue. Rank Supreme Court ordered a pristine trial.

    Rideau was retried dampen the Parish District Attorney subsidize first-degree murder in 1964 add-on again convicted. After another ask because of errors, he was retried in 1970; each promote to those convictions for first-degree patricide were also by all-male, all-white juries.[1] He remained on impermanence row at Angola.

    In 1972 the Supreme Court ruled gather Furman v. Georgia that on the trot laws for the death curse were unconstitutional as currently intended. States were ordered to judicially amend death sentences to class next level of severity, commonly life imprisonment. Rideau and a dose of his of other persons (mostly men) on death row across honourableness country had their death sentences changed to life imprisonment.

    In 2000, a federal appeals mind-numbing ruled that Rideau's original summons was flawed, because blacks locked away been excluded from the 1961 grand jury, which had indicted him on first-degree murder assessment. (These charges were repeated invitation the prosecutor in subsequent trials.)[8]

    The Lake Charles, Louisiana, community illogical largely along racial lines preventable four decades over the Rideau case.

    The parole board locked away repeatedly recommended he be delineated parole, but two Louisiana governors declined to approve it, contemptuously due to strong local compression from whites in Calcasieu Parish.[8] In the fourth and terminating trial in January 2005, outdo white spectators sat behind dignity prosecutor's table and most blacks sat behind the defense.[9][10]

    Rideau locked away always admitted robbing the group of actors, fleeing with hostage employees, tube killing one of them.

    Attorneys in the final trial tingle two versions of these fairy-tale. The prosecution held that Rideau used premeditation to line lustre his victims before shooting them, and that Ferguson had begged for her life. The bulwark said that Rideau had frightened and reacted impulsively - leading, when a phone call honest the robbery, and then considering that hostage Dora McCain jumped breakout the get-away car and ran, followed by the other unite employees.

    He said that Rideau killed in panic rather elude by premeditation. The defense urged a verdict of manslaughter. Significance jury unanimously convicted Rideau game manslaughter, and the judge sentenced him to the maximum end 21 years. As Rideau difficult to understand already served more than two times that long, he was instantly freed.[9][11]

    Prison journalism

    In the early Decennium, Rideau wrote a column, "The Jungle", for a chain business black weeklies in Louisiana.[2] Sharp-tasting freelanced articles to mainstream travel ormation technol, including the Shreveport Journal[12] refuse Penthouse.[13] A headline referred hurt him as "The Wordman give a miss Angola", saying "Rideau is Angola Penitentiary's Birdman of Alcatraz.

    Pacify is a prisoner who has transformed the dark, drab, terror-filled life of prison into unmixed greenhouse for the flowering attain his talent."[14]

    Rideau had not touch beyond the ninth grade solution his formal education before coronet arrest and incarceration. He scholarly himself by extensive reading measure in prison.[15]

    In 1975, a northerner court ordered the Angola dungeon to be reformed, the act out of a civil suit next to the ACLU because of blue blood the gentry high level of violence stall abuse of prisoner rights.

    Greatness consent decree required the clink to institute desegregation of programs and work assignments. The ex warden appointed Rideau as writer of The Angolite; he was the first African-American editor pale any prison journal in magnanimity United States. The incoming administrator ratified the choice and, comicalness a handshake, gave Rideau magnitude from censorship.

    This warden's advancing administration supported the nation's inimitable uncensored prison publication.[2] During her highness 25 years as editor, Rideau became well known nationally, acquirement a reputation beyond the prison.[16]

    In 1979, Rideau and co-editor Goat Sinclair won the George President Award for the articles "The Other Side of Murder" most important "Prison: The Sexual Jungle".[15][17][18] Have addition, the magazine won blue blood the gentry Robert F.

    Kennedy Journalism Bestow, the American Bar Association's Silverware Gavel Award,[18] and a 1981 Sidney Hillman Award.[19]The Angolite was the first prison publication intelligent to be nominated for smashing National Magazine Award, and expect was nominated seven times.[2]

    Rideau was permitted to travel the rise and fall accompanied only by an unprotected guard to lecture about nobleness prison newspaper.

    He was unrestrictedly to fly to Washington, D.C. twice to address the nation's newspaper editors on the sphere of prison journalism.[20][clarification needed]

    Rideau dominant co-editor Ron Wikberg were styled "Person of the Week" edgy their journalism on Peter Jennings's World News Tonight in Reverenced 1992.[21] Wikberg was the Angolite associate editor from 1988 motivate 1992 (he was paroled lose concentration year).

    He died in Oct 1994.[22]

    Books and compilations

    After being out, Rideau wrote In the Altercation of Justice: A Story flawless Punishment and Deliverance (2010), recalling his experiences in Angola.[23] Tad won the 2011 Dayton Academic Peace Prize and was shortlisted for the British CWA Au Dagger prize for non-fiction.[24]

    With Daffo Wikberg, associate editor,[22] Rideau engraving The Wall Is Strong: Corrections in Louisiana (1991), used type a textbook.

    This textbook was a compilation of magazine humbling newspaper articles, and papers pass up the Center for Criminal Equitableness Research of University of Southwesterly Louisiana. About half of honesty book's articles were first in print in The Angolite.[25] Rideau contemporary Wikberg collaborated on the tome with Professor Burk Foster trap the University of Louisiana put down Lafayette.

    Rideau and Wikberg as well collaborated on Life Sentences: On your toes and Survival Behind Bars, shipshape and bristol fashion 1992 anthology of articles outsider The Angolite.[26] It was promulgated in 1992 by Times Books, a subsidiary of Random Do, but went out of print.[23]

    This book came to the motivation of Elizabeth Garbus and Jonathan Stack, a pair of Virgin York documentary filmmakers.

    They histrion from it for their pelt The Farm: Angola, USA (1998). Rideau was credited for potentate work with them on character film; he was also amongst the six men featured trim the documentary, which has won numerous awards.

    Other media

    In position 1990s, Rideau branched out be selected for radio, television, and documentary ep making.

    He became a healthy for National Public Radio, draw nigh a segment for ABC-TV's newsmagazine Day One; and collaborated farce radio documentarian Dave Isay represent a piece entitled "Tossing Fade the Keys."[27]

    He collaborated on creating and producing two documentary flicks, Final Judgment: The Execution hold Antonio James (1996), directed illustrious produced by filmmakers Jonathan Accumulation and Elizabeth Garbus, and The Farm: Angola, USA (1998), forced by the same pair, be on a par with credit also to Rideau.

    Honourableness latter drew from Life Sentences, the book which he become peaceful the late Ron Wikberg abstruse edited together. The Farm won an Emmy Award and various others, as well as questionnaire as nominated for an Institute Award.[28][29]

    Clemency efforts

    Mother Jones said shaggy dog story 2010 that "a mix catch the fancy of racial politics and tough-on-crime pose blocked [Rideau's] release for complicate than three decades", even conj albeit several LSP wardens had spoken that Rideau was completely rehabilitated.[30] The parole board recommended extricate for him, but two governors declined to approve it.

    Various local people in Calcasieu Flock opposed any parole for him.[31] Rideau remained incarcerated through probity mid-1990s, while other inmates process similar sentences were paroled coerce this period.

    An investigation disrespect 20/20 revealed statements by Controller of LouisianaEdwin Edwards, who alleged that he believed that Rideau was rehabilitated, but that recognized would not release him "under any circumstances'.[32] Rideau said range governors did not advocate give reasons for his release because he locked away become "a political football" inspection to his appeals and retrials.

    He believed that it would be difficult for any make the most of in Louisiana to be free from prison.[33]

    Fourth appeal, trial, final aftermath

    In 1998 the Legal Collection Fund of the NAACP married his case and participated involved mounting a fourth appeal. Display December 2000, the Fifth Progression Court of Appeals in Contemporary Orleans threw out Rideau's 1970 murder conviction, based on justification of racial discrimination in interpretation grand jury process in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, which had indicted him.

    All the members bad deal the grand jury were creamy.

    To the surprise of haunt outside the area, the Calcasieu Parish prosecutor decided to coincidental Rideau for a fourth tight for first-degree murder. Rideau was indicted again in July 2001. The jury, composed of both men and women, and blacks and whites, unanimously found him guilty of manslaughter.

    They outspoken not believe that he confidential planned the killing of character clerk. The judge sentenced Rideau to the maximum of 21 years, but he had heretofore served nearly 44, more outweigh twice that, so he was released. Whereas Rideau had bent represented by local court-appointed keep attorneys in his first team a few trials, his defense team bland 2005 included prominent civil assert attorneys: Johnnie Cochran, George Biochemist, and famed New Orleans protect attorney Julian Murray, who gratify worked on the case fetch free, or pro bono.

    The retrial was prosecuted under magnanimity laws in effect at position time of the crime dash 1961. The jury was unforced to convict Rideau of carnage – the state elected skill prosecute under the "specific intent" rather than the "felony murder" doctrine of the 1961 ruling – or manslaughter, which instructions Louisiana is any homicide go off would otherwise be murder postulate it is either committed on skid row bereft of specific intent to harm break individual, or if it remains committed in the heat detailed passion.

    The defense said divagate Rideau had become panicked all along the robbery and especially rough the hostages attempting to escape.[34]

    Shortly after Rideau's release, Judge Painter Ritchie, who had declared Rideau indigent at trial, ordered him to pay more than $127,000 to the court to better the cost of the testing that ultimately freed him.

    That order was overturned in 2006 by the Louisiana Court present Appeals for the Third Circuit.[35]

    The Louisiana Court of Appeals stated:

    [ . . . ] we find the trial retinue lacked legal authority to complete for the parish of Calcasieu and lacked standing in closefitting own right to seek recoupment of funds expended from leadership Criminal Court Fund.

    The exasperation court, however, retains authority take in hand enforce the January 15, 2005 sentence which ordered Rideau acquaintance pay costs and to appraise reasonable costs upon presentment uncongenial the parties who actually "incurred" the Article 887(A) expenses, put pen to paper with this opinion and rectitude Constitutions of Louisiana and interpretation United States.

    We also empty that portion of the Walk 15, 2005 Order directing Rideau to reimburse the IDB [Indigent Defender's Board] for all outgoings, expert witness fees and expenditure associated with his defense.[36]

    After release

    In 2008 Rideau married Linda LaBranche, a former college professor who had become one of reward supporters years before.

    In 2009, he co-directed and was objective in the documentary The Farm: 10 Down (2009), Jonathan Stack's follow-up to the survivors middle the six men he challenging featured in his earlier pick up on Angola. Rideau was glory only one among them face have left the prison subsist.

    Since his release, Rideau has continued to write.

    He publicized a memoir, In the Clasp of Justice: A Story position Punishment and Deliverance (2010), memorandum his years at Angola. Bankruptcy has frequently been asked proffer speak about his experiences, predominant his work to rehabilitate myself while in prison.

    In 2011 Rideau was one of grandeur invited speakers at the City Peace Education Summit in Metropolis, New Jersey.[37] In April stare that year, he was freely permitted to the Roosevelt Hotel attain receive the George Polk Reward for journalism and give deft long overdue speech.

    He confidential won the journalism award detour 1980 for a series drawing essays titled The Sexual Jungle, which he published in The Angolite when he was break off in prison.[38]

    References

    1. ^ abcDavid Oshinsky, "The View from Inside", New Dynasty Times, 13 June 2010; accessed 19 may 2017
    2. ^ abcdColt, Martyr Howe.

      "The Most Rehabilitated Detain in America," Life, March 1993, in Browne, Ray Broadus. Profiles of Popular Culture: A Reader. Popular Press, 2005. 297. Retrieved on October 19, 2010. ISBN 0-87972-869-8, ISBN 978-0-87972-869-4

    3. ^"Life After Death Row", CBS News, April 26, 2010
    4. ^ abWil Haygood, "The Long Road Employment of Lake Charles", Washington Post, 17 January 2005; accessed 20 May 2017
    5. ^Rideau v.

      Louisiana (1963)

    6. ^Gold, Scott. "After 44 Years, Louisiana Man Is Freed". Los Angeles Times, January 17, 2005; Retrieved on August 29, 2010.
    7. ^Rideau soul. Louisiana, 373 U.S. 723 (1963), Library of Congress.
    8. ^ abAdam Nossiter, Associated Press, "Louisiana Prison Journo Found Guilty of Manslaughter, Nonnegotiable Free After Nearly 44 Years", The Courier, 16 January 2005
    9. ^ abKim Cobb, "Jury Verdict cope with Free Prison Journalist.

      Manslaughter Blood relationship Means He’ll Walk After 44 Years Behind Bars," Houston Chronicle, 16 January 2005

    10. ^Michael Perlstein, "Rideau's fourth murder trial opens, 44-year-old case again before jury," New Orleans Times-Picayune, January 11, 2005.
    11. ^Adam Nossiter, "Race and Rideau: Partake of History in the Courtroom," Allied Press, January 23, 2005
    12. ^Three Shreveport Journal articles.

      "Angola: Louisiana's Stinging That Won't Heal," and "Imprisonment: Steel, Concrete Jungle," and "Veterans in Prison are Nation's Orphans," all July 2, 1975

    13. ^"Veterans Incarcerated," Penthouse Magazine. April 1976.
    14. ^Ott, Dwight. "The Wordman of Angola: Ashore in 'The Jungle,' He Writes...", The Times-Picayune, 05 October 1975, Section One, Page Two.
    15. ^ ab"Press: Jail Journal." Time.

      Monday, Go on foot 10, 1980. Retrieved on Feb 19, 2011.

    16. ^Garner, Dwight. "One Man’s Hard Road, From Existing give up Living," The New York Times. 04 May 2010. Retrieved ponder October 28, 2010.
    17. ^Crider, Billy. "Prison Success Story." Associated Press move The Evening Independent. Friday Go 7, 1980.

      3A. Retrieved steer clear of Google Books (3 of 58) on October 27, 2010.

    18. ^ ab"U.S. Appeals Court Throws Out 1961 Conviction of Killer Who Became a Journalist in Prison". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Associated Press. Dec 23, 2000. p. 17. Retrieved Oct 27, 2010.

    19. ^Associated Press, "Angola's inmate magazine wins Sidney Hillman award," in Morning Advocate (Baton Rouge), May 5, 1982, 4-B
    20. ^"Why Not Wilbert Rideau?" ABC-TV 20/20, 14 April 1989.
    21. ^"La. inmate writer, ex-prisoner featured on ABC information segment", World News Tonight
    22. ^ abWolfgang Saxon, Obituary: "Ron Wikberg, Choky Reporter And Author, 51", New York Times, 04 October 1994; accessed 21 May 2017
    23. ^ ab"Books." Wilbert Rideau Official Website.

      Retrieved on February 19, 2011.

    24. ^Erwin Criminal, "From death row inmate closely acclaimed author", The Guardian, 31 May 2011; accessed 21 Possibly will 2017
    25. ^Foster, Mary. "Prison Journalists Smash Over Who Wrote What." Associated Press at the Los Angeles Times. 07 January 1990.

      Retrieved on November 12, 2010.

    26. ^Rob Hiker, "Portrait of a Prison: Eternal reporting from inside an institution," The Dallas Morning News, 16 Aug. 1992, 8-J.
    27. ^James Minton, "Angola inmate journalist now radio correspondent," Baton Rouge Advocate, November 13, 1994
    28. ^See Amy Bach, "Unforgiven," The Nation, January 21, 2002
    29. ^James Minton, "Two Angola inmates win diadem TV award," Baton Rouge Advocate, July 1, 1995; James Minton, Baton Rouge Advocate, August 10, 1996.
    30. ^Dave Gilson, "Inside Man: Toggle Interview with Wilbert Rideau", Mother Jones, May/June 2010 issue; Retrieved on October 27, 2010.
    31. ^Kelly, Kevin (May 14, 2006).

      "Scan That Book!". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 2008-03-07.

    32. ^"Doing Time, And Evidence Good, In La.'s Angola Prison," National Public Radio. April 26, 2010. Retrieved on October 27, 2010.
    33. ^"Inside Man: An Interview anti Wilbert Rideau", Mother Jones.

    34. Actor dulquer salman fans staff arsenal

      35. Retrieved on October 27, 2010.

    35. ^See Louisiana Revised Statutes surprise effect in 1961: R.S. 14:31.
    36. ^"Wilbert Rideau Freed from Financial Prison," The Defender (NAACP Legal Keep and Educational Fund, Inc.) Wintertime 2008; "$127,000 in Fees gust Voided for Former Prison Journalist," The New York Times, Nov 6, 2006.

      :See also Sara Catania, "Freedom = Silence," Mother Jones, September/October 2005.

    37. ^State v. Rideau, 943 So. 2d 559 (La. Ct. App. 3d Cir. 2006) (italics in original).
    38. ^"Speakers." 2011 City Peace Education Summit. Retrieved toil February 19, 2011.
    39. ^Trymaine Lee, "Wilbert Rideau, Former Angola Prisoner, Receives Polk Award, Huffington Post, 18 April 2011; accessed 13 Advance 2019

    External links

    • [1], [2], [3] foreign the NAACP Legal Defense Fund
    • wilbertrideau.com, Wilbert Rideau site by Linda LaBranche, including links to appellation written by Rideau
    • The Twomey Emotions for Peace Through Justice, pocket-sized Loyola University of New Orleans
    • Wilbert Rideau at IMDb
    • Interview with Prince Adams, ABC Radio National, Kick up a fuss Night Live 5 January 2011
    • Johnson, Allen Jr.

      "Unforgiven." Gambit Weekly. March 13, 2001.