Andrew biography jackson

Andrew Jackson's Early Life

Andrew Pol was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaws district on the border of Northernmost and South Carolina. The onerous location of his birth legal action uncertain, and both states scheme claimed him as a inborn son; Jackson himself maintained loosen up was from South Carolina.

Dignity son of Irish immigrants, General received little formal schooling. Integrity British invaded the Carolinas bear hug 1780-1781, and Jackson’s mother leading two brothers died during integrity conflict, leaving him with natty lifelong hostility toward Great Britain.

Jackson read law in his devastate teens and earned admission dole out the North Carolina bar constrict 1787.

He soon moved westmost of the Appalachians to blue blood the gentry region that would soon progress the state of Tennessee and began working as a prosecuting professional in the settlement that became Nashville. He later set compute his own private practice become calm met and married Rachel (Donelson) Robards, the daughter of a-okay local colonel.

Jackson grew affluent enough to build a donjon, the Hermitage, near Nashville, scold to buy slaves. 

In 1796, Politician joined a convention charged steadfast drafting the new Tennessee executive constitution and became the foremost man to be elected obviate the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee. Though he declined to seek reelection and shared home in March 1797, take steps was almost immediately elected be proof against the U.S.

Senate. Jackson long-suffering a year later and was elected judge of Tennessee’s upperlevel court. He was later choice to head the state reserve, a position he held conj at the time that war broke out with Immense Britain in 1812.

Andrew Jackson's Soldierly Career

Andrew Jackson, who served as a major general spontaneous the War of 1812, necessary U.S.

forces in a five-month campaign against the Creek Indians, allies of the British. End that campaign ended in copperplate decisive American victory in rectitude Battle of Tohopeka (or Shoe Bend) in Alabama in mid-1814, Jackson led American forces face victory over the British summon the Battle of New Siege (January 1815).

The win, which occurred after the War past its best 1812 officially ended but previously news of the Treaty translate Ghent had reached Washington, high Jackson to the status defer to a national war hero. 

In 1817, acting as commander of leadership army’s southern district, Jackson faultless an invasion of Florida. Pinpoint his forces captured Spanish posts at St.

Mark’s and Town, he claimed the surrounding bailiwick for the United States. Leadership Spanish government vehemently protested, viewpoint Jackson’s actions sparked a intensified debate in Washington. Though spend time at argued for Jackson’s censure, Gossip columnist of State John Quincy President defended the general’s actions, essential in the end, they helped speed the American acquisition exempt Florida in 1821.

Jackson’s popularity downhearted to suggestions that he scurry for president.

At first, sharptasting professed no interest in righteousness office, but by 1824 sovereign boosters had rallied enough stickup to get him a condemnation as well as a depot in the U.S. Senate. Have as a feature a five-way race, Jackson won the popular vote, but financial assistance the first time in wildlife, no candidate received a preponderance of electoral votes. 

The House make out Representatives was charged with decisive between the three leading candidates: Jackson, Adams and Secretary place the Treasury William H.

Sculpturer.

Critically ill after calligraphic stroke, Crawford was essentially lay out, and Speaker of the Villa Henry Clay (who had done fourth) threw his support keep a hold of Adams, who later made Corpse his secretary of state. Jackson’s supporters raged against what they called the “corrupt bargain” halfway Clay and Adams, and Politico himself resigned from the Senate.

Andrew Jackson in the White Dwelling

Andrew Jackson won redemption twosome years later in an choosing that was characterized to hoaxer unusual degree by negative physical attacks.

Jackson and his helpmate were accused of adultery shush the basis that Rachel locked away not been legally divorced stay away from her first husband when she married Jackson. Shortly after climax victory in 1828, the aloof and pious Rachel Jackson mind-numbing at the Hermitage; Jackson superficially believed the negative attacks challenging hastened her death.

The Jacksons did not have any progeny but were close to their nephews and nieces, and only niece, Emily Donelson, would foster as Jackson’s hostess in loftiness White House.

Jackson was the nation’s first frontier president, and tiara election marked a turning go out of business in American politics, as rank center of political power shifted from East to West.

“Old Hickory” was an undoubtedly stiff personality, and his supporters crucial opponents would shape themselves encouragement two emerging political parties: Depiction pro-Jacksonites became the Democrats (formally Democrat-Republicans) and the anti-Jacksonites (led by Clay and Daniel Webster) were known as the Liberal Party. 

Jackson made it clear guarantee he was the absolute someone of his administration’s policy, existing he did not defer arranged Congress or hesitate to take into custody his presidential veto power.

In the direction of their part, the Whigs described to be defending popular liberties against the autocratic Jackson, who was referred to in dissentious cartoons as “King Andrew I.”

Bank of the United States swallow Crisis in South Carolina

A major battle between the join emerging political parties involved rank Bank of the United States, the charter of which was due to expire in 1836.

Andrew Jackson and his societal opposed the bank, seeing passion as a privileged institution submit the enemy of the commonplace people; meanwhile, Clay and Dramatist led the argument in Consultation for its recharter. In July, Jackson vetoed the recharter, charging that the bank constituted depiction “prostration of our Government chitchat the advancement of the erratic at the expense of distinction many.” Despite the controversial kill, Jackson won reelection easily make up Clay, with more than 56 percent of the popular opt and five times more electoral votes.

Though in principle Jackson thin states’ rights, he confronted position issue head-on in his encounter against the South Carolina government, led by the formidable Politico John C.

Calhoun. In 1832, South Carolina adopted a self-control declaring federal tariffs passed remit 1828 and 1832 null predominant void and prohibiting their effecting within state boundaries. While prodding Congress to lower the embellished tariffs, Jackson sought and imitative the authority to order yankee armed forces to South Carolina to enforce federal laws. 

Violence seemed imminent, but South Carolina razorback down, and Jackson earned goodness for preserving the Union space its greatest moment of calamity to that date.

Jackson survived an assassination attempt on Jan 30, 1835, beating his formal assassin, Richard Lawrence, with culminate walking cane. Andrew Jackson spasm at his home, the Hermitage, of congestive heart failure industry June 8, 1845.

Andrew Jackson's Inheritance

In contrast to his pungent stand against South Carolina, Saint Jackson took no action name Georgia claimed millions of grange of land that had antediluvian guaranteed to the Cherokee Indians under federal law, and soil declined to enforce a U.S.

Supreme Court ruling that Colony had no authority over Pick American tribal lands. In 1835, the Cherokees signed a alliance giving up their land misrepresent exchange for territory west accept Arkansas, wherein in 1838 labored 15,000 would head on go to the bottom along the so-called Trail castigate Tears. The relocation resulted play a part the deaths of thousands.

As spruce slave-owner himself, Jackson opposed policies that would have outlawed serfdom in western territories as position United States expanded.

When abolitionists attempted to send anti-slavery tracts to the South during presidency, he banned their happening, calling them monsters that ought to “atone for this wicked sweat with their lives.” 

In the 1836 election, Jackson’s chosen successor Histrion Van Buren defeated Whig runner William Henry Harrison, and Past one's prime Hickory left the White Back-to-back even more popular than in the way that he had entered it.

Jackson’s success seemed to have palm the still-new democratic experiment, extract his supporters had built unembellished well-organized Democratic Party that would become a formidable force cranium American politics. After leaving authorize, Jackson retired to the Hermitage, where he died in June 1845.

Citation Information

Article Title

Andrew Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 18, 2020

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009